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EVERY
PICTURE TELLS A STORY...

...
place your mouse over any of
the pictures and see what you
can discover.
MUSIC
MAESTRO PLEASE

As
each page is opened you should
hear some music, to compliment
each story so, unless
you hate music, turn
on the sound and ENJOY!
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Jarrold
Design Department 1960
In
July 1960, when Albie joined the Design Department at the
Printing Works of Jarrold & Sons Ltd, Norwich, other members
of the team were:
Michael
Oliver: Manager
Mike
Fuggle: Head Designer and Deputy Manager
Mildred
Ellis:
Secretary
Barry
Butcher: Designer
Albie Gray: Designer
Tony
Mullins: Designer
Tony
Shearing: Designer
Ivan Roy: Designer
Felix
Bernasconi: Artist
John
Newland: Artist
Jill
Reeve: Design Assistant
Janet Wrench: Design Assistant
Nita
Coxall:
Xerox Operator
Monica
Flatt:
Xerox Operator
Later
in 1960 they were to be joined by:
Una
Cane: Design Assistant
Sue Howes: Design Assistant
Sylvia Pointer: Design Artist
Tessa Taylor: Design Assistant

Jarrold
Lion
The
trademark of Jarrold & Sons Ltd, used on all the Companys
printed products, as well as on their stationery and the flag
flying from the top of St James Yarn Mill.
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Xerography
at
Jarrolds 1960
Xerography, or electrostatic copying, was invented by an American,
Chester Carlson, in 1938.
After
approaching many companies with his invention, it took 15
years before his first piece of equipment was sold commercially.
In
1946, the Haloid Company, now Xerox Corp., approached Carlson
which led to the development of the first xerographic machine
in 1948.
At
first it proved so unreliable that the concept almost failed.
The
first commercial use of Xerography was by hand processing,
although this technology was later to lead to the introduction
of photocopiers as we know them today.
THE
XEROX CAMERA
When Albie joined Jarrolds in 1960 their Xerox machine consisted
of a large bellows camera on rails at one end, and a static
copyholder complete with floodlights at the other, with the
entire arrangement resting on a purpose-built table.
Under
the table was a processing unit, consisting of a series of
shelves for the metal imaging plates, an electrostatic charging
unit with which to apply a positive charge (also a negative
charge when required), and an oven unit in which to fuse the
dry ink copying powder to the paper.
THE
PROCEDURE
1 Place the original (black and white only) to be copied
in the copyholder.
2 Insert a frosted-glass viewing screen in the back of the
camera.
3 Switch on viewing lights and adjust the camera to give the
size of print required by moving it, backwards or forwards,
along its rails.
(Under bright conditions the well-tried-and-tested black
cloth over the head is required!)
4 View the image on the frosted-glass screen at the back of
the camera and check the size by measuring with a ruler.
(No working to percentages in those days, just good-old-fashioned
inches!)
5 Check the focus and adjust as necessary, then readjust the
size!
6 Switch off the viewing lights and remove the screen.
7 Take a selenium-coated aluminium plate out of the shelf
unit under the table.
8 Place the plate in the charging unit and apply a positive
charge.
(An electrostatic charge is uniformly applied to the surface
of the plate, this will attract ink powder particles to the
latent image when processed.)
9 When the charging cycle is complete, insert a metal slide
into the frame surrounding the plate to prevent light getting
in.
10 Insert charged plate into back of camera and remove slide.
11 Calculate exposure (difficult one this, thought Albie!),
set timer and release. It automatically switches on main floodlights,
and off again thus ending the exposure.
(Where there is black in the image, that part of the sensitised
plate will remain unexposed where there is light this
will destroy the charge on the plate.)
12 Insert slide back into exposed plate.
13 Place the plate exposed face down into a processing unit,
called the cascader, and rock back and forth.
(The
plate is cascaded in a concoction of black toner particles
and larger toner-carrying glass beads.
To prevent them sticking to the plate, a good BANG at the
end is advisable! Though, not too loud, or often, as to annoy
Alec!)
14 Remove exposed plate, now coated with Xerox black ink powder,
and place a piece of paper on the exposed image.
15 Insert the plate and paper into the charging unit and apply
a negative charge. At the end of the cycle remove from charging
unit and remove paper.
(The toner image is transferred by the electrostatic attratction
to the paper,)
16 Place paper, with image on, into the small oven unit to
bake the black ink powder onto the surface, then remove.
(The toner image is permanently fused to the surface of
the paper by heat.)
17 Clean the plate with nylon wadding, and prepare for next
image
(Or
maybe a well-deserved cuppa!) |
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Jarrold
Magazine 1960

EDITOR:
John D Handford
DESIGN: Michael P Fuggle
COVER: Roger Gamble
News
& Chatter
RECORD
NUMBER
ON PAYROLL
LOOKING
FORWARD TO A BIG INCREASE
From January 1961, the printing works is expected to be employing
over 950 people for the first time in its history!
The
combined strength at London Street Shop, Accounts Department
and Jarrold Wholesalers Ltd is also at a record level
of about 200, which does not, of course, include the large
army of Christmas extras.
FOOTBALL
LATEST
NEWS
The Works team remains in the Second Division of the Business
Houses League this season.
Of
the eight league matches played so far, four have been won
and one drawn.
We
are lying third in the table.
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HEN
ALBIE STARTED WORK
in the Design department of Jarrold Printing in July 1960, the Head
Designer and Deputy Manager, Mike Fuggle, was given the task of
training the young ex-Art student for a career in print. Forget
everything you learnt at Art School, Mike told the lad, from
this day on, youll do things the Jarrold way
the right way! But what on earth did
he mean, Albie wondered, surely three years at the Norwich School
of Art had taught him most there was to know about printing? But
how wrong he was to be! So, putting all past thoughts behind him,
and forsaking his Bohemian lifestyle forever, Albie resigned himself
to discovering and honing the skills of a designer in a professional
printing environment...
BY
MID-AUTUMN OF THAT YEAR Albie was well into the swing of things,
having spent the past few months generally helping out
the other designers, though supervised by Mike, of course, his mentor
and a very good friend.
It
was still a strange place to work, at least Albie thought so, and
took some getting used to with its more-or-less open-plan office
environment with everyone going about their allotted tasks and telephones
ringing every few minutes.
Halloo?
Halloo? said Mr Moore, manager of Buying, the department
responsible for purchasing vast quantities of all manner of consumables
paper and ink for the printing machines, office equipment
and materials for the typists, in fact everything down to the very
last paper clip to ensure the continual smooth running of the company.
Halloo?
Are you still there? he asked, in his distinctive high-pitched
voice, we still havent had the delivery of board
from you 180gsm Art coated, that is. How much longer....?
Mr
John, called Miss Chilvers, secretary to John
Jarrold, Chairman of the company, its Thames and Hudson
on the telephone for you...
Um,
oh, thank you, Ill take it um in my office...
No,
you look here, said Mr Fenton, progress-chaser for
the Production department, getting quite hot under the collar with
someone on the other end of the phone, you know that
job shouldve been printed and bound by now whats
your excuse this time...?
All
around him was a cacophony of noise likened only to the Tower of
Babel, Albie thought. If only he could be allowed to concentrate
in peace...
Albie...
Albie! called Mike Fuggle, from his desk at the other
end of the Design department. Is there anyone at home?
I thought youd gone to sleep for a moment... can you spare
a minute when youve quite finished day-dreaming?
ALBIE
GETS HIS FIRST REAL JOB!
Joining
Mike at his desk, Albie explained it was all the telephones
putting him off and he wasnt in the habit of going
to sleep in the middle of the day!
Be
that as it may, laughed Mike, placing a package of work on
his table, youll have to get used to it if you want
to stay at Jarrolds!
Anyway,
he continued, opening the packet of work, youve been
helping everyone out for some time now, so I think its about
time you had a little job of your own to design!
Great
thas just great, Mike, Albie replied, enthusiastically.
My first real job, thanks ever so much!
For
the past few weeks, hed been helping the other designers with
their paste ups, or doing some lick and stick
as some of them called it. A highly essential part of bookwork,
this entailed producing, on paper, a true representation of all
the pages of the book, two pages at a time, complete with words
and pictures for the customers initial approval. He had learnt
how important it was to be highly accurate in his approach to ensure
that everything was placed in the correct order and the right way
up! However, if the end result didnt meet up with the customers
approval it was sometimes the case of start again!
Its
the next Jarrold Magazine, continued Mike, the head
designer, our in-house journal and right up your street I
shouldnt wonder but its very important to do
it the way Ive taught you!
Albie
began looking through all the material; odd scraps of paper, some
typed, some handwritten, complete with proofs of the typematter
from the Composing Room, together with all the photographs and artwork.
Youll
need to do a rough layout first, Mike told him, and
size-up the pictures before taking them round to Norwich
Engraving in Muspole Street but dont forget to do prints
first!
It
was normal practice to make prints of any photographs, with these
being produced on a Xerox camera, usually operated by Nita Coxall,
another member of Design.
After
Ive sized up the pictures, can I get Nita to make prints for
me, please, Mike? Albie asked.
No,
Albie, Mike replied, thatd be good experience
for you to make some prints, dont you think?
But,
I havent... how do I... ? I mean, I dont know how...
Mike
laughed: All part of becoming a designer, you must be able
to do anything and everything but, dont worry, Nita
will show you how to operate the Xerox camera! But here comes
the tea trolley, so lets have a cuppa first, shall we?
A
WELCOME TEA BREAK
Jarrold
& Sons Ltd was a family-run firm, with John Jarrold as Company
Chairman and Peter, his son, Director of all operations at the printing
works. Another son, Richard, was the Director of the Jarrold Department
Store with the youngest son, Anthony, about to become involved on
the Publishing side of the business.
Jarrold
& Sons Ltd had a good reputation as an employer and, as such,
many of its employees came from several generations of the same
family.
Nita
Coxall and her parents, Arthur and Muriel, were a good examples
of this, with Nita being the Xerox camera operator, her father a
Gatehouse keeper and her mother, Muriel, working in the Jarrold
canteen.
On this occasion, Muriel was wheeling the tea trolley heavily
laden with a large urn filled with hot water, a tea pot, cups and
saucers, and a selection of filled, crusty bread rolls and slices
of beef patty along the first floor of the Mill, calling
at each department in turn.
Hello,
Albie, an how are you today? Muriel asked the lad as
she poured a cup of tea from her extremely large, aluminium teapot.
Fancy a cheese roll, do ya?
Yes,
please, Mrs Coxall, he replied, handing over his money and
taking a crusty roll filled with thickly-sliced cheese. An,
can I have two sugars, please?
Suddenly,
the office usually bursting with the hubbub of ringing telephones,
chatttering typewriters, lively laughter and casual conversation
was silent, with people having more pressing matters to attend
to, drinking tea and coffee and getting their laughing gear
around cheese rolls from the tea trolley, or, in Felixs case,
currant buns hed brought from home. Never one to trust bought
food, he always insisted on home-grown and home-made!
You
wont catch me drinking that rubbish! Felix told
Albie, as he poured a cup of hot cocoa out of his flask. Thatll
turn your insides all brown, that will!
After
a quarter of an hour, all returned to normal the telephones
commenced ringing, typewriters began clacking away at seventy words
to the minute, the conversation recovered from its muteness
and Albie decided it was time to see Nita in the Xerox area.
ALBIE
BECOMES A NUISANCE
...
Theres
not much to it really, Nita declared, having given
Albie a demonstration of the procedure for making prints on her
Xerox
camera. Mike wants me to help him for a while, so, if
thats all right, Ill leave you to it!
If
she could do it, he should be able to do it, Albie
thought as he prepared to make his first print.
The
Xerox camera, being too large for the Design department was in another
area on the first floor of the Yarn Mill, adjacent to the Production
Control department. Also in that area was Alec Miller, whose job
it was to vet all manuscripts coming into Jarrolds,
checking them for grammatical and spelling errors and preparing
them before they were sent to the Composing department for typesetting.
A most responsible and demanding job, requiring, it has to be said,
100% concentration and utter silence but that was
all about to end as Albie began on his first print!
Right,
Albie said to himself, but just loud enough for Alec to hear, first,
I place my photograph in the copyholder... With that, he swung
the large metal-framed copyholder down with a bang, followed by
an audible sigh from Alec Miller!
Now
I hatta focus that up an check the size is right, Albie
continued, placing a black cloth over his head and squinting at
an image on the frosted-glass screen. Thas queer,
corse thas upside down, I spuz Id betta
turn ut the right way up!
Another
loud band as he adjusted the photograph in the copyholder, followed
by an even louder sigh from the man trying to read the manuscripts.
But, worse was to follow.
Now
I gotta sensitize the metal plate, Albie continued, with his
running commentary, and managed to drop the plateholder on the floor
with a loud clatter. Whoops, butterfingers, he
laughed.
Eventually,
after charging the light-sensitive plate, putting it in the back
of the camera and exposing it to obtain an image, it was ready for
processing.
Nita
said, dont forget to give it a good bang in the cascader,
he reminded himself and did just that! Bang, bang,
and another, bang, just for luck!
Do
you really have to make all that noise? fumed
an irate Alec Miller, finding it impossible to continue with his
copy preparation for a moment longer. Its like working
in some damn garage with you about besides, Im
getting one of my heads!
In
abject silence, Albie continued with his print making on the Xerox
camera.
...
AND UPSETS THE CANTEEN MANAGERESS
At
12.25pm precisely, the factory hooter sounded announcing the start
of the lunchtime break for the factory workers, and quickly, from
the far corners of the printing works, vast numbers of workers headed
for the works canteen on the second floor of the Mill.
Phew
thank goodness, declared Albie, upon hearing
the klaxon and glancing at his wristwatch, another twenty
minutes an thas time for lunch! In those days
it was customary at Jarrolds for the office workers to attend the
second sitting in the Canteen at 1.45pm!
How
are you getting on? Mike asked Albie in the Gents,
as the lad stood at the sink washing off all the black Xerox powder
from his hands and arms. Finished all the prints, have you?
Well,
yes, just about, replied Albie, drying his hands on the roller
towel, but I think I may have upset that man in the
next department.
Oh,
Alec, you mean? Dont mind him, his barks worse
than his bite! laughed Mike, as they made their way up the
stairs to the canteen on the floor above. Lets join
Ivan and the others for lunch and forget about work for a while...
At
the far end of the canteen, several other designers had already
bagged a table and had left seats for Mike and Albie.
Having decided what they were having for lunch, the little group
Ivan, Tony Mullins, Tony Shearing, Mike and Albie
began discussing who should get the dinners, who should
get the beakers of water, and who should collect the cutlery.
You
get the knives and forks, Albie? Ivan told him, and
Ill join the queue for the dinners.
Going
to the cutlery box, next to the serving hatch, Albie noticed it
was empty. Putting his head around the corner of the hatch, he politely
asked: Please may I have some cutlery, as there ent
none in the box!
Youll
hatta wait, came an abrupt reply, we dishin up.
By
now, Ivan had collected dinners for the five of them, stacking the
plates one on top of another, using metal rings to keep them apart.
Cmon,
Albie, he said, get the cutlery, do our dinnersll
go cold!
Once
again, Albie politely requested some knives and forks, which were
clearly visible to him on a table just inside the canteen kitchen.
Our
dinners are gittin cold, he told a lady in the kitchen,
can we have some cutlery, please?
Thatll
hatta get cold, retorted the woman, I told ya, Im
servin up an Ive only got one pair of hands!
They
say theyre too busy to fill the cutlery box! he called
out to the other designers, sitting impatiently with their dinners
getting cold in front of them. But theres a gret ole
heap o knives an things in the kitchen...
Do
you go in an get it then! shouted Ivan and Albie
did!
Opening
the kitchen door as quietly as he could, in the hope of entering
unnoticed, Albie made for the
pile of freshly-washed-and-dried knives, forks and spoons on the
table.
Just
what do you think you are doin on? shouted Mrs
Symonds, the canteen manageress, coming out of her office. Get
out! Get out o my kitchen, this instant, do you
hear!
B-but,
I ony wanted some knives an forks, protested Albie,
backing away, furtively grabbing a handful of cutlery as he went.
Corse our dinner wuz gittin all cold...
I dont care, the manageress replied, waving
a tea towel in his direction, dont you ever come
in here again, do you understand?
Red
faced and quaking in his socks, Albie quickly dished out the cutlery
to his fellow designers but he was one set short! Sitting
with a plate of cold bacon, runny eggs and mushy beans in front
of him he suddenly realised hed completely lost his appetite
even for the baked beans!
Whas
wrong with that, then, Albie? asked Muriel, the canteen assistant,
as she scraped his left-overs into a bin on her trolley.
You hent et much, hev you?
And
you cant have any pudding either, laughed Tony Mullins,
if you dont eat your first course all up! With
that, Charlie Baker, the works messenger at the next table,
lit up a foul-smelling cigarette and Albie knew it was time
to leave!
ALBIE
MEETS A FRIEND
Albie
decided to go out for a stroll, heading past the Gas Works and in
the direction of the Adam
& Eve, the oldest inn in Norwich. Not having the taste
for a beer, or even a shandy, he walked straight past and down Bishopsgate,
lined on both sides by rows and rows of well-built Victorian villas.
Knowin
what the City council is like, he muttered to himself, as
he walked along the narrow road, theyll probably knock
all these down an widen the road but, thatll
hoolly be a shame, that will, anorl!
He
wasnt to be far wrong either!
At
the end of the road was a medieval bridge and, beside it, another
pub the Red Lion. By now, having missed his lunch, all for
the want of some knives and forks, Albie was almost having
second thoughts about going inside for a cheese sandwich and a Vimto.
However, never being the one to frequent public houses, especially
on his own, he decided to give it a miss and continued walking.
Descending
a flight of steps beside the river he began walking along a leafy
lane towards an old ruined tower on the opposite bank.
Down
by Cow
Tower, on the south bank of the River Wensum, Felix was sketching
the blissful scene as the rippling waters meandered gently past.
A whiteness of graceful swans sailed by, pausing for a moment to
enquire in their own inimitable manner whether any
morsels were to be cast in their direction. Sadly, for them, Felix
had enjoyed the rest of his lunchtime feast of currant buns and
only a mere handful of crumbs remained, which the fastest of the
group quickly consumed with one swift swoop of its neck.
Hi,
Felix, said Albie, announcing his arrival after taking the
little path from the direction of Bishop Bridge. Thas
what I miss most about leaving Art School sketchin.
You
could always come with me, replied his friend and travelling
companion, after all, I spend most lunchtimes sketching somewhere
or other.
Thats
not a bad idea, thought Albie.
Thas
bin a funny ole mornin, he replied, watching the glorious,
ever-changing reflections in the river, what with one thing
an another...
I
gather you rather upset Alec? Felix asked, scribbling
in his sketchbook, adding shadows to his pencil drawing of the medieval
tower beside the bend in the river. You certainly know
how to make a good impression! he joked.
Yes,
replied Albie, quietly reflecting on his morning, an
I managed to git into Mrs Symonds bad books, anorl.
Felix
laughed. That doesnt take much doing, he
said, closing his sketchbook and tucking his pencils into his top
pocket. Come on, young Albie, its almost ten-past-two,
wed best get back.
A
SURPRISE IN STORE FOR ALBIE
That
afternoon, Albie began designing the Jarrold Magazine, using
Cow Gum to paste in all the typematter and the prints
hed made of the pictures earlier that morning. It may have
been only sixteen pages, but it took him most of the afternoon to
do it the Jarrold way as his mentor had instructed him,
as he knew he had to get it just right.
Around
half-past-four, Albie finished the paste up, and he was rather pleased
with the result, so he took it to the head designer for his approval.
I
think thas all done now, Mike, he said, proudly laying
down his paste up in front of him. Praps youd
like to have a look at it for me, please?
Mike
looked through all the pages, pausing every now and again to make
some marks on the proofs.
Not
bad, he said, not bad at all just
needs a bit of fine tuning here and there, but its good for
your first real effort!
Lets
go through it together, shall we? he continued, fetching a
chair for Albie. Then, tomorrow, you can take the photographs
to the blockmakers in Muspole Street.
Looking
through Albies paste up of the Jarrold Magazine, Mike
made one or two changes to the size and positioning of the illustrations,
with some spelling mistakes to be corrected.
Youll
need to know how to mark up the proofs properly, he told the
lad, using special marks that the Composing Room people can
recognize but Ill show you that tomorrow, as itll
soon be time for you to go home!
Albie
felt quite pleased with himself as he began to tidy up his desk,
putting away his pens, pencils and scalpel not forgetting
to put the lid firmly on his tin of Cow Gum. Soon it would be time
to join Felix and make the dash to Thorpe Station to catch the 5.23pm
home to Sheringham.
Putting
on his jacket, he was about to leave when Mr Oliver, the Design
manager, called him over to his desk.
Albie;
before you go, can you spare me a minute? he said. Sit
yourself down, it wont take a moment.
Fearing
the worst, Albie did as he was told and sat down beside the manager.
Perhaps,
the noisy episode with the Xerox machine hadnt gone unnoticed
by Management after all, it was right next to
the Chairmans office or maybe the canteen manageress
had lodged an official complaint over the invasion of her kitchen,
or perhaps Muriel had taken offence at him not eating up all his
dinner.
However,
it was none of these things and Albie was in for a
great surprise!
Mike
has shown me your efforts with the Jarrold Magazine,
the Design manager told him, and, I have to say, Im
quite impressed by your work!
Thank
you very much, Mr Oliver, Albie replied, relieved at
having done something right for a change.
And,
with the festive season only a couple of months away, Mr Oliver
continued, wed like you to give some thought
to designing a front cover for the Christmas Jarrold Magazine!
But,
what would Albie have in mind?
NEXT:
Albie designs a cover
for the Christmas Jarrold Magazine AND
receives a Christmas present from the Directors!
Please sign Albies guestbook as I would
love to hear your comments
or email:
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